Responses in growth, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid composition of four oleaginous microalgae to different nitrogen sources and concentrations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李涛  万凌琳  李爱芬  张成武 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1306-1314

Nitrogen deficiency is an effective strategy for enhancing lipid production in microalgae. Close relationships exist among lipid production, microalgal species, and nitrogen sources. We report growth, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid composition in four microalgae （Chloroeoccum ellipsoideum UTEX972, Chlorococcum nivale LB2225, Chlorococcum tatrense UTEX2227, and Scenedesmus deserticola JNU19） under nitrate- and urea-nitrogen deficiencies. We found three patterns of response to nitrogen deficiency： Type-A （decrease in biomass and increase in lipid content）, Type-B （reduction in both biomass and lipid content）, and Type-C （enhancement of both biomass and lipid content）. Type-C microalgae are potential candidates for large-scale oil production. Chlorococcum ellipsoideum, for example, exhibited a neutral lipid production of up to 239.6 mg/（L＇d） under urea-nitrogen deficiency. In addition, nitrogen deficiency showed only a slight influence on lipid fractions and fatty acid composition. Our study provides useful information for further screening hyper-lipid microalgal strains for biofuel production.  相似文献   

Lagged response of phytoplanktonic photosynthetic competence to variation of nitrogen concentration in Jiaozhou Bay, China     

付翔  李凡  吕振波  翟红昌  韩博平 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1295-1305

Fluorescence-based maximal photochemical efficiency, Fv/Fm, is widely used as an indicator to photosynthetic competence in marine systems. It has been considered a useful parameter diagnosing the nutrient stress on phytoplankton photosynthesis, but many studies argue its usefulness. In the present study, we try to find a temporal relationship between Fv/Fm and nitrogen concentration, and provide a possible explanation on the controversy. We continuously measured Fv/Fm and nitrogen concentration once every 10 days from September 2003 to March 2004 at two stations in Jiaozhou Bay, northern China. It was found that Fv/ffm did not significantly correlate to synchronous nitrogen concentration, but the variation （i.e. the change between two adjacent cruises） of nitrogen concentration of the previous cruise and the variation ofFv/Fm of the current cruise were strongly correlated. This result indicates that a time lag exists between the variation of nutrient status and the subsequent Fv/Fm response. Length of the time lag seems just matched the interval of our measurements （10 days）. In the field, direct dependence of Fv/Fm on nitrogen concentration may not be found because of the lagged response of Fv/Fm to nitrogen concentration variations or physiological acclimation. Our results provide a possible way to explain the previously reported conflicting results on the relationship between Fv/Fm and nutrient status. To give a more-accurate estimate about the length of the time lag, an investigation that includes more frequent measurements is needed.  相似文献   

红树植物秋茄内生细菌数量时空变化动态初步研究     

卢乃会  严玉宁  何红  卢仕严  黄勤知 《广东海洋大学学报》2013,(4)

分别用吖啶橙染色荧光显微计数法和平皿分离计数法对秋茄内生细菌总量和可培养内生细菌数量的时空变化进行测定。结果表明,秋茄植株根茎叶内均含有大量的内生细菌,其中根茎叶内生细菌总量平均分别为4.35×107ind/g、6.31×107ind/g和5.02×107ind/g;可培养细菌总量平均分别为2.58×103cfu/g、1.76×103cfu/g和4.43×103cfu/g。其时空变化动态为:内生细菌总量根部变化基本平稳,而叶部和茎部均呈峰形变化,其峰值分别出现在5月和7月;可培养细菌数量根茎叶均呈峰形变化,根部峰值出现在9月,而茎叶部峰值均出现在3月。秋茄植株可培养的内生细菌数量占其内生细菌总量比率为(0.02⁸.33)×10-4,秋茄植株体内仅有小部分的内生细菌为可培养,绝大多数内生细菌为不可培养或难培养。  相似文献   

珠江三角洲环境梯度上葫芦藓中硫、氮含量 和δ13C、δ15N的差异及其环境指示     

吴清华  闵兴玲  周永章  卢强 《热带地理》2013,33(5):542-548

以华南地区广泛分布的葫芦藓为研究对象,以珠江三角洲环境梯度上的中心城区广州、近郊区肇庆及边缘区怀集3个地理单元作为样品采集地,对样本葫芦藓植物中的硫、氮元素含量和δ13C、δ15N的组成进行了研究。结果表明：葫芦藓植物中硫含量与工业化程度表现出正相关关系,其中硫含量广州、肇庆和怀集依次为2 485.86、1 778.15、1 339.84 mg/kg;葫芦藓氮含量与工业化程度表现出正相关关系,广州、肇庆和怀集依次为 2 106.50mg/kg、2 007.39mg/kg和1 661.88 mg/kg;葫芦藓的C/N值与交通量呈负相关关系,其中C/N值广州为18.377,肇庆18.513,怀集23.905,3地C/N值大小差异揭示了从广州到怀集的环境梯度上,大气氮的主要组份发生了变化,即广州大气中的氮元素来源以工业排放的NOx-N（硝态氮）为主,怀集大气中的氮元素来源以农业排放的NHx-N（铵态氮）为主。  相似文献   

温度对生物土壤结皮斑块土壤氮矿化作用的影响     

虎瑞  王新平  张亚峰  潘颜霞  石勇  刘美玲 《中国沙漠》2013,33(2):522-528

以腾格里沙漠东南缘天然植被区藓类结皮、藻地衣结皮斑块荒漠土壤为研究对象,采用原状土培养法,在人工气候箱中设置不同温度（-10、5、15、25、35、40 ℃）培养14 d,测定土壤样品在培养前后NH+4-N和NO-3-N含量,分析两种生物土壤结皮斑块土壤净硝化和净矿化速率对温度的响应。结果表明：①低温培养条件下（-10~15 ℃）土壤氮转化以固持态为主,随着温度升高,尤其当温度超过25 ℃后,藓类结皮、藻地衣结皮斑块土壤净硝化和净氮矿化速率显著提高（p<0.05）;②同一温度培养下,以藓类结皮发育为主的土壤氮转化水平较高,净硝化速率和净氮矿化速率以及无机氮的积累明显大于以藻地衣结皮发育为主的土壤;③两种生物土壤结皮斑块土壤净氮转换速率（硝化和矿化）Q10值在2.46~3.33间波动,其中藓类结皮斑块土壤氮转换对温度的敏感性较高。此外,在土壤氮总矿化过程中,硝化过程具有较强的温度敏感性。高温促进了土壤净氮矿化水平,增加土壤氮有效性,因此可能会对荒漠生态系统的初级生产力产生正向影响作用。  相似文献   

太湖流域长兴县浅层地下水氮污染特征及影响因素研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

潘田  张幼宽 《水文地质工程地质》2013,40(4):7-13

对太湖流域长兴县浅层地下水的氮污染进行了系统的调查与研究,共取地下水样43个并测定了其三氮含量.结果表明氨氮、硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的超标率分别为13.95％、16.27％和16.27％.三氮污染最严重的地区主要为农业活动集中区,即夹浦镇、小浦镇、洪桥镇和虹星桥镇等,其中虹星桥镇硝酸盐污染最为严重,高达22mg/L.采用地质统计学方法对太湖流域长兴县43个浅层地下水样“三氮”含量进行了区域空间变异分析,结果表明长兴县地下水NO3-N和NO2-N浓度变异函数满足球状模型,而NH3-N浓度变异函数为高斯模型,硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮浓度的空间自相关距离分别为9.98、1.51和3.82kmn.对硝酸盐污染因素进行了分析,结果表明:硝酸盐浓度与氮肥使用量呈明显正相关关系,年平均施肥量(以N计)为300kg/ha地区平均硝酸盐氮浓度达6.7mg/L,年平均施肥量(以N计)为100kg/ha地区平均硝酸盐氮浓度为2.2mg/L;地下水硝酸盐与地下水位埋深有直接关系,埋深较浅(1～3m)地区的硝酸盐浓度较高;当土地利用类型相同时,硝酸盐氮浓度与人口密度具有线性正相关关系.  相似文献   

珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物多样性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高志强  朱玲  朱伟  柳淑芳  范艳君  庄志猛 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(6):1114-1121

本研究以nirS基因为分子标记,将PCR、克隆文库构建与测序和典范对应分析相结合,对珠江口表层沉积物nirS型反硝化微生物的群落多样性进行了研究。3个站位共获得180个nirS基因克隆子,隶属于62个OTUs,氨基酸序列的相似性在50%—100%之间。各站位OTU分布格局差异明显,范围在19—33之间,表现出高度的多样性。系统进化分析表明,62个OTUs形成了5个类群,分别与河口、海洋沉积物、海岸养殖排放废水、富营养化海湾及海水养殖沉积物等的反硝化微生物聚类在一起,表明珠江口作为海淡水交汇区具有独特的反硝化微生物群落分布格局,同时也指示了珠江口氮污染及富营养化程度。典范对应分析结果表明,盐度、氮相关营养盐水平(PON/TN、NH4-N、NO-N和NO-N)可能是影响其分布格局的重要因素。  相似文献   

What can we learn from genomics approaches in marine ecology? From sequences to eco‐systems biology!     

Thomas Mock  Amy Kirkham 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(2):131-148

The application of genomic approaches to marine biota has profoundly altered our understanding of life in the oceans, especially regarding concepts of adaptation, speciation and evolution. The avalanche of genomic data has provided an unbiased view of marine biology that has never been seen before. In particular, comparative and metagenomic approaches with microbes from different biogeochemical marine provinces provided the first insights into how they acquire and discard genes as needed, even across kingdom boundaries, in response to their environment. These data clearly reveal that marine microbes have remarkable abilities to change their genomes according to both environmental stresses and biotic interactions. Thus, it is most likely that the flux of energy and matter in the marine system is reflected by the presence or absence of genes and proteins in marine organisms, which could provide novel tools to understand biogeochemical processes of global significance. However, the challenge is to put the reductionistic knowledge gained by genomics and metagenomics into the larger contexts of cellular systems and ecosystems to identify emergent properties that could not have been predicted by breaking down the whole into its individual parts.  相似文献   

海洋石油降解菌剂在大连溢油污染岸滩修复中的应用研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑立  崔志松  高伟  韩彬  杨佰娟  王绍良  李倩  周文俊  张魁英  曹磊 《海洋学报》2012,34(3):163-172

对海洋石油降解菌群DC10的降解特性进行了研究,研制了基于该菌群的降解菌剂,并用于大连实际溢油岸滩生物修复实验,考察了降解菌剂对潮间带和潮上带油污的降解作用,通过分析C17/藿烷、C18/藿烷及总烷烃和总芳烃的降解率来评价其降解效果。降解菌群DC10在实验室条件下对石油的降解率高于各组成菌株,一周时间的石油降解率比对照提高了60%左右,能降解大部分的烷烃和芳烃。以DC10冻干菌粉辅以营养盐溶液研制降解菌剂,该菌剂在大连岸滩油污生物修复试验中显示出显著的降解效果。在为期12 d的潮间带油污生物修复试验中,喷洒菌剂处理的C17/藿烷和C18/藿烷降解率相对于自然风化处理分别提高了40%和30%,而总烷烃和总芳烃降解率分别提高了80%和72%。在为期85 d的潮上带油污生物修复试验中,从C17/藿烷和C18/藿烷的降解率来看,喷洒菌剂处理对油污的降解程度仅略高于自然风化,但总烷烃和总芳烃的降解率分别提高了近30%和20%。  相似文献   

乳山湾外低氧海域沉积物中有机碳、氮、磷及其形态特征分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘军  臧家业  冉祥滨  韦钦胜  孙涛  车宏  汪鲁  刘玮 《海洋科学》2012,36(7):70-78

根据2009年8月在乳山湾及其毗邻海域的综合调查,分析了该海域表层沉积物中有机碳、氮、磷含量及其组成形态的变化,初步探讨了影响底质理化参数变化的原因及对乳山湾外近岸底层低氧形成的影响.结果表明,乳山湾外近海为粉砂质岸滩,以细颗粒为主;底质中有机碳含量介于0.49％ ～0.93％,平均值为0.69％;总氮含量介于382～1020 mg/kg,平均值为671 mg/kg;可溶性总氮含量介于23.0 ～ 60.0 mg/kg,平均值为44.0mg/kg,其中可溶性有机氮和氨氮分别占可溶性总氮的58.8％和38.8％;总磷含量介于138～769 mg/kg,平均值为356 mg/kg,有机磷是占有绝对优势的磷形态(62.5％).研究区域沉积物中总氮和湾内相当,有机碳、总磷含量普遍低于乳山湾内,但均明显高于南黄海区域,且呈还原性状态.调查区域内沉积物中相对较高的有机碳、氮、磷可能是在潮流作用下乳山湾与外海的物质交换所致,其耗氧过程是导致底层溶解氧亏损的重要原因,值得进一步关注.  相似文献